WSID: Musical Instruments in Lamentations [Latmiyah]?

1. Details about the situation

Ibrahim is attending a large Arbaeen procession for the first time.

As the crowd gathers, a group begins reciting lamentation poetry (latmiyah) in remembrance of the tragedy of Battle of Karbala. Soon, a group of performers joins with drums and rhythmic instruments. 

At first, the beat feels solemn and powerful. But as it continues, Ibrahim notices that the rhythm shifts; it starts to resemble something more upbeat, almost like music he’s heard at celebrations.

He feels uncomfortable. He thinks, “This is supposed to be mourning… but it sounds like entertainment. Is it still okay to listen and participate?”

2. Background

Latmiyyah and lamentation poetry are expressions of grief for the Ahl al-Bayt (pbut), especially for Imam Husayn (p). It is common in most communities to engage in these rituals during periods of mourning and remembrance for the infallible family of the Prophet (pbut). 

In some cultures, instruments like drums, bells, or trumpets are incorporated to amplify emotion. However, Islam places guidelines on music and instrumentation, particularly when the sound resembles gatherings of entertainment or amusement.

The central question becomes: Is the use of instruments in mourning acceptable?

3. Ruling

According to Sayyid Sistani:

The use of instruments in lamentation poetry [latmiyah] is not automatically haram. The ruling depends on the type and style of the sound produced:

• If the tunes are appropriate to gatherings of entertainment and amusement, then it is not permissible to listen to them.
• If they are not of that nature and remain in line with the solemnity of mourning, then it is permissible.

4. Action

Ibrahim reflects on what he’s hearing. As the rhythm becomes more upbeat and resembles entertainment-style music, he decides to step back from that particular group.

He walks toward another nearby gathering where the recitation is slower, more solemn, and aligned with the tone of mourning. There, he joins in with a clearer sense of purpose and connection.

In our religion, not everything is judged by form alone, but nature, intention, and impact must be considered as well. 

As we commemorate the tragedies of the Ahl al-Bayt (pbut), the spirit of mourning must be preserved. Believers are called to remain mindful of boundaries so that our remembrance remains respectful and dignified.